In order for a manuscript to be considered for review by JT&D, it must clearly demonstrate its theoretical contributions by explaining how the research advances existing knowledge within the field. The work should also present an innovative and distinctive dimension, whether in its methodological, conceptual or empirical approach, showing how it adds value beyond what is already established in the literature. Furthermore, the manuscript is expected to reflect critically on its societal impact, outlining the relevance and potential application of its findings beyond the academic sphere. These elements are essential for editorial consideration and should be clearly articulated within the main body of the text and summarised in the abstract.

 

Complementarily, submitted papers will only be sent to scientific reviewers if the following formal rules of preparation and presentation of scientific papers are observed:

Authors' Information - Authors must provide their name, institutional affiliation, and email address. Whenever possible, a unique researcher identifier such as ORCID iD, ResearcherID or Ciência Vitae should also be included. One corresponding author must be clearly identified and any potential conflicts of interest and sources of funding must be disclosed, where applicable. This information must be provided in a separate file, as the manuscript should not contain any identifying details about the authors in order to ensure a double-blind review process.

1. Title – The title should be concise and informative, be formatted in bold and should not be capitalized except at the beginning or when words are used whose rule requires it. If there is a subtitle, it should be separated by “:” and the first word of the subtitle should begin with a capital letter (for example, "Tourism research: Experience of Portugal") –the same rule also applies to titles of sections, which should be formatted in Arabic numerals. Avoid abbreviations, wherever possible.

2. Text – The text must be written in impersonal language (in the third person –for example, "it was prepared", "it is concluded"), however you can also use the royal we or the narrative style (for example, "the author concluded"). It is important that whatever the adopted narrative style is, it should be coherent and consistent throughout the entire manuscript, that is, the convention or criterion used in a page should be kept throughout the text.

Paragraphs are not tabulated and should be spaced by a blank line.

Isolated words or phrases in a foreign language should be formatted in italics. However, the terms whose use has become widespread in Portuguese should maintain regular formatting.

Expressions should be in single quotes (e.g.: 'authenticity').

One should avoid using underlined and bold in the text (only in titles).

Footnotes should be used instead of endnotes, to facilitate reading and assure immediate comparison when marginal aspects of the text are being discussed. In footnotes, the font used should always be smaller than the one of the main text and single line spacing should be applied.

3. Abbreviations – Abbreviations may be used in the text. However, when they are mentioned for the first time, the full expression should be used, followed by the abbreviation in parentheses (for example, "... World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) ..."). The following times, the abbreviation can be used.

4. Numbers – Write in full the numbers with one digit when the context is not statistical. However, when the context is not statistical, even if the number has two or three digits, it is recommended to write in full any number that is said as a single word, such as the tens and hundreds (ten, ninety, one hundred, five hundred). It should be avoided to write in full numbers that seem small, but include more than two words (e.g., 23 –twenty-three), as the spelling in figures provides a faster visual reading. Some examples of correct wording:

• Two tour operators and more than thirty tourists were surveyed.
• The government approved 53 tourism projects.
• The hotel group plans to build 19 hotels by 2020.
• Of the nine researchers addressed five said they had read more than 250 scientific articles in the last ten months.
• In a period of fifty years, 976 projects in tourism were carried out.

Any number that begins a sentence or title should be written in full. However, whenever possible, the phrase should be reformulated to avoid starting it with a number.

You should use the comma to separate the digits classes (e.g.: 1,000,000) and the point to separate the integer part of the decimal part (e.g.: 100.5). It is important to note that in the papers written in Portuguese, the notation is made in reverse (we use the point to separate the classes of figures and comma to separate the integer part of the decimal part).

5. Figures and tables – All figures (a designation that includes charts, diagrams, photographs, maps and other cartographic representation) and tables or appendices (if any) should be numbered continuously, in Arabic numerals. They should be referenced in the text and, if necessary, be subject to analysis. Its reference should be as follows: "In figure 1 it can be seen ...." (lowercase) or in parentheses "(Figure 1)" (capitalized). Only the figures and tables that are absolutely necessary in order to comprehend the paper should be included in it.

The titles should be preceded by "Figure" or "Table" and the respective numbering, and placed immediately before the table and immediately after the figures. Titles should not be written in capital letters, except at the beginning or when words are used whose rule so requires.

The abbreviations and symbols used should be explained. If you need to include an explanatory note, it should be placed at the bottom of the figure or table.

The source of non-original figures or tables shall be provided below them and must follow the norms of citations. If it is an original figure or table, the author should indicate the source as “Own elaboration”. When the source results from the aggregation and/ or modification of secondary data the source should appear as "Adapted from…".

6. Citations – All cited authors should appear in the list of references. Citations should be in accordance with the system "last name, date, page" (ex .: Smith, 1990, p. 9).

6.1 When there are two authors, the citation is made by referring to the last name of the authors separated by "&", the year of publication and, if necessary, the page number(s). If the names of the authors are already part of the text, they should be separated by the conjunction "and", whereas the year and page(s) number(s) should appear in parentheses.

.... tourism in the Azores (Silva & Rodrigues, 1985, pp. 34-35).

Silva and Rodrigues (1985, pp. 34-35) believe that tourism in the Azores ...

6.2 When there are three to five authors, the first citation is made referring all authors. In the following citation, only the name of the first author appears followed by "et al." (not in italics), year of publication and, if necessary, the page(s) number(s). If the names of the authors are already part of the text, it should only be placed in parentheses the year and page(s). It should be noted that in the references, the names of the first author and all co-authors should be mentioned.

first citation

... tourism in the Azores (Silva, Melo, & Matos, 1985, pp. 34-35).

Silva, Melo, and Matos (1985, pp. 34-35) believe that tourism in the Azores ...

following citations

... tourism in the Azores (Silva et al., 1985, pp. 34-35).

Silva et al. (1985, pp. 34-35) believe that tourism in the Azores ...

6.3 When there are six or more authors, only the name of the first author is cited, followed by "et al.," the year of publication and, if necessary, the page(s) number(s). If the names of the authors are already part of the text, only the year and page(s) should only be placed in parentheses. It should be noted that in the references, if there are more than six authors, only the names of the first six are mentioned followed by "et al." to refer to the remaining authors.

... tourism in the Azores (Silva et al., 1985, pp. 34-35).

Silva et al. (1985, pp. 34-35) believe that tourism in the Azores ...

6.4 Formal citations should always present the page number of the original work in the reference (the page number should be preceded by "p." for one page, or "pp." when it spans more than one page). Square brackets and ellipsis "[...]" should be used to indicate that a fragment of the cited text was omitted. Square brackets are also used when you want to introduce letters or words that do not belong to the original text, in order to include information that is not on the cited work (e.g. "... [in] the tourism sector ... . "). The ellipsis should not be used at the beginning and at the end of the citations, unless the omission thereof causes misinterpretation of the cited text.

6.4.1 Short citations – when they have less than three lines. The transcript should be made in-line with the text and be in quotation marks. If the original source contains words in quotation marks, these should be replaced by single ones ('). For example:

Tourism is recognized as a global activity, whose dimension places it alongside the world's most important economic activities. Indeed, “about ‘700 million international tourists are currently crossing borders’, every year, for the pursuit of holiday and leisure" (Matias, 2001, p. 56), and it is estimated that this number will more than double in two decades.

Cooper (2003) states that "climate change will produce significant changes in terms of tourism destinations [...], with the same regions that may suffer [significant] breaks" (p. 45).

6.4.2 Long citations – when they have three lines or more. The transcript should be isolated with a line before and after the citation, the text must be tabulated on both sides, and quotation marks should not be used. The space between lines should be simple and the font size smaller than the one used in the text.

Tourism is today one of the main sectors of economic activity. Its contribution to GDP, approaching 8% and employing about 4.5% of the active population (about 200,000) is, long ago, a countervailing factor of the traditional negative trade balance. In addition to these facts, it should be also noted a double feature of great importance in this activity: its additions have a limited effect on imports (not inducing more than 17% by spending unit made in tourism) and the variations in demand for these services they have a significant multiplier effect (1.4) on overall economic activity (Sousa & Hearty, 1997, p. 1).

6.5 Indirect citations – The citation should include the original authors’ names followed by "cit in" and the name(s) of the author(s) of the work consulted.

Modern thought, who presided over the emergence of mass production, conditioned the urban models, the increase of cultural production and the development of tourism (Le Corbusier, 1929, cited in Legates & Stout, 1999, pp. 336-344).

6.6 Citations of the same author – When citing several works by the same author, they should be placed in chronological order.

... tourism in the Azores (Silva, 1996, 1998).

Silva (1996, 1998) believes that tourism in the Azores ...

When reference is made to various works of the same authors published in the same year, a lowercase letter per year is added (a, b, c, ...), and the order of the letter complies with the title alphabetically.

... tourism in the Azores (Silva, 1996a, 1996b).

Silva (1996a, 1996b) believes that tourism in the Azores ...

6.7 Several citations – When it is necessary to mention more than one study talking about the same idea, all the necessary references should be used, separated by a semicolon (";") and ordered alphabetically by the authors’ last name and in chronological order. If there are authors with the same name, the initial of the first name should be added to avoid confusion.

Nature Tourism is a program designed to protected areas with a view to reconciling the preservation of natural and cultural values with the development of a sustainable tourism (A. Amaro, 2003; J. Amaro, 2000; Vincent, 1985, 1987).

Citations should follow the standards of the American Psychological Association (APA 6th edition, 2010), according to the following examples:

7. References – References should be presented in alphabetical order at the end of the document, follow the APA –American Psychological Association guidelines (http://www.apastyle.org/) and include all authors cited in the text. The list of references should not exceed thirty titles.

The titles of the cited works should not be written in capital letters, except at the beginning or when words are used whose rules so requires. If it has a subtitle, it should be separated by ':' and the first word of the subtitle should be capitalized. An exception is journal names, which are always Capitalized (e.g., Pizam, A. (1999). A comprehensive approach to classifying acts of crime and violence at tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 38(1) 5-12.). If the documents have DOI (Digital Object Identifier) it should be included in the reference.

The list of references should be formatted, with indentation of the second line and following, and no spacing. Some examples:

Book

O'Connor, P., & Buhalis, D. (1999). Electronic information distribution in tourism & hospitality (2nd ed.). Oxford: CAB.

Paper in a journal

Buhalis, D. (1998). Strategic use of information technologies in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 19(3), 409-423. DOI: 10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00038-7

Book chapter

Breda, Z., & Costa, C. (2005). Safety and security issues affecting inbound tourism in the People’s Republic of China. In Y. Mansfeld & A. Pizam (Eds.), Tourism, safety and security: From theory to practice (2nd ed., pp. 187-208). Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.

Online document

Forrester. (1999). On line travel bookings. Retrieved 2000, August 7, from http://www.forrester.com

Paper in conference proceedings

Lowry, L. (1993). Sun, Sand, Sea. In K. Chon (Ed.), The Society of Travel and Tourism Educators. (Proceedings of Research and Academic Papers, Vol. V, Annual Conference, October 14-17, pp. 16-28). Miami.

Thesis

Gilbert, D. (1992). A study of the factors of consumer behaviour related to overseas holidays from the UK. PhD thesis, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.

8. Acknowledgements – Should appear in a separate section at the end of the paper, before the references. This section should not appear in the first version of the paper, which will be under revision. It should only be included in the final version, after acceptance.