Impacto do Treino Cognitivo Computadorizado em Adultos com Depressão Moderada a Grave: Um estudo piloto
(Impact of Computerized Cognitive Training on Adults with Moderate to Severe Depression: Apilot study)
Abstract
As principais alterações cognitivaspresentes nas perturbações depressivasocorrem ao nível da memória, atenção e funções executivas. Vários estudos revelam que os défices cognitivos tendem a permanecer após a remissão de outros sintomas depressivos. Investigação recente tem sugerido que o treino cognitivo computadorizado (TCC) poderá ser uma opção de tratamento eficaz, pois as intervenções que utilizam a tecnologia parecem demonstrar mais benefícios na estimulação das funções cognitivas e qualidade de vida comparativamente a programas tradicionais.Este artigo apresenta um estudo piloto que avaliao impacto de umTCC com recurso ao COGWEB® em pacientes com depressão moderada a grave (n=20). Destina-se, assim, a avaliar o efeito do TCC no humor (severidade de sintomatologia depressiva) e num conjunto de funções cognitivas (atenção, memória e funcionamento executivo).Os pacientes foram divididos entre um grupo experimental, que realizou duas sessões de treino cognitivo por semana (total de 12 sessões), e um grupo de controlo, sem treino cognitivo. Ambos realizaram pré e pós teste (antese depois da intervenção), onde foram aplicados o Inventário de Depressão de Beck e uma bateria de testes neuropsicológicos (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trilhas A e B, Teste do Relógio, Teste de Stroop e Auditory Verbal Learning Test).Concluiu-se que os pacientes que realizaram o TCC apresentaram uma melhoria na sintomatologia depressiva e alterações positivas em todas funções cognitivas avaliadas, comparativamente ao grupo de pacientes que não foi submetido a este treino cognitivoeque, no pós-teste, apresentou piores resultados nos domínios cognitivos avaliados.
(The major cognitive domains that present changes in depressive disorders include memory, attention, and executive functions. Several studies have shown that cognitive deficits tend to remain after the remission of other depressive symptoms. Recent research has suggested that computerized cognitive training (CCT) may be an effective treatment option since interventions using technology seem to show more benefits in stimulating cognitive functions and quality of life when compared to traditional training programs. This pilot study evaluates the impact of a CCT using COGWEB® in patients with moderate to severe depression (n=20), namely on humor (severity of depressive symptoms) and on a set of cognitive functions (attention, memory and executive function). A sample of clinical patients was divided into an experimental group, who performed two cognitive training sessions per week (a total of 12 sessions), and a control group, who received no cognitive training. Both groups underwent a pre- and post-test (before and after the intervention) that included the Beck Depression Inventory and a battery of neuropsychological tests (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Trail Making Test A and B, Clock Drawing Test, Stroop Color and Word Test, and Auditory Verbal Learning Test). In general, the patients who received CCT showed an improvement in depressive symptoms and positive changes in all cognitive functions under analysis when compared to the group of patients who did not receive the cognitive computer training – these, in the post-test, presented worse results in all the evaluated domains.)
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