Desinformação e Meio Ambiente: O caso das Queimadas no Pantanal Brasileiro
(Environmental disinformation on Facebook: The case of Pantanal's fires)
Abstract
O presente trabalho busca discutir as características do discurso desinformativo sobre meio ambiente no Facebook, trazendo como estudo de caso as queimadas no Pantanal Brasileiro. A partir de um conjunto de dados de 147.362 publicações de páginas e grupos públicos no Facebook, obtidas através do CrowdTangle, utilizamos uma abordagem de métodos mistos, com Análise de Redes Sociais e Análise Crítica de Discurso para compreender como acontecem a circulação e os enquadramentos discursivos da desinformação. Nossos resultados apontam para uma circulação polarizada do discurso desinformativo, principalmente por grupos de apoiadores do presidente brasileiro Jair Bolsonaro com estratégias focadas no sensacionalismo e no alinhamento político. A multimodalidade e a circulação de discursos nativos do Facebook é outro resultado relevante. Notamos, portanto, que a pauta do meio ambiente é apropriada para um debate político e não necessariamente relacionado à preservação ambiental.
(This paper discusses the characteristics of the disinformative discourse about the environment on Facebook. We bring as a case study the fires in the Brazilian Pantanal. Working with a dataset of 147,362 publications from public Facebook pages and groups, collected through CrowdTangle, we use a mixed methods approach, with Social Network Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis to understand this discourse. Our results point to a polarized circulation of disinformative discourse, mainly by groups of supporters of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro with strategies focused on sensationalism and political alignment. Facebook's multimodality and the circulation of Facebook's native speeches is another relevant result. We note, therefore, that the environmental agenda is appropriate for a political debate and not necessarily related to environmental preservation.)
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