From China’s Global Health Diplomacy
COVID-19, Mask Diplomacy, Vaccine Diplomacy and COVID-0 on Health Silk Road
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34624/ro.v0i4.40076Keywords:
Health Silk Road, Global Health Diplomacy, Global Health Governance, Mask Diplomacy, Vaccine DiplomacyAbstract
This article examines the transformative role of Global Health Diplomacy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing specifically on Health Silk Road. It investigates the strategic manoeuvres of the People's Republic of China, which used various diplomatic approaches, such as Mask Diplomacy and Vaccine Diplomacy, to establish itself as a prominent actor in Global Health Governance. The article explores the multifaceted dimensions of the Health Silk Road and its impact on regional health cooperation, pandemic response and health governance. Through literature review and analysis of policy documents, the article provides insight into the contributions and challenges associated with China's Global Health Diplomacy efforts, critically examining the effectiveness of these approaches in mitigating the effects of COVID-19 and strengthening health systems along the Health Silk Road. In addition, the article discusses the concept of "COVID-0" as a potential new paradigm for pandemic response, exploring China's efforts to achieve zero cases through stringent containment measures. Ultimately, this article sheds light on the paradigm shift in Global Health Diplomacy and the role played by China in transforming the Health Silk Road in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, gauging that Mask Diplomacy performed better than the Vaccine Diplomacy.
References
Almeida, C. (2020). Global Health Diplomacy: A Theoretical and Analytical Review. Oxford Research Encyclopedia Of Global Public Health, 1-62. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.25
Cardoso, D. (2023). Rumos da Global Health Diplomacy: Os efeitos da COVID-19 na transformação da Health Silk Road. Londres: Novas Edições Acadêmicas.
China COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker (2022). Bridge Consulting. Retirado de https://bridgebeijing.com/our-publications/our-publications-1/china-covid-19-vaccinestracker/#Total_and_Weekly_Tracker_Highlights em 24 de setembro de 2022.
China Daily (2017). WHO, China sign pact establishing 'health Silk Road'. Retirado de https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2017wef/2017-01/19/content_27993857.htm em 22 de junho 2023.
Chow-Bing, N. (2020). COVID-19, Belt and Road Initiative and the Health Silk Road: Implications for Southeast Asia. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
Czochor, J., & Turchick, A. (2014). Vaccines: Introduction. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 87(4), 401-402.
Fidler, D. (2010). The Challenges of Global Health Governance. Council On Foreign Affairs.
Jiahan, C. (2020). Toward a Health Silk Road. China Quarterly Of International Strategic Studies, 06(01), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500013.
Keohane, R., & Nye, J. (1977). Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.
Kickbusch, I., Nikogosian, H., Kazatchkine, M., & Kökény, M. (2021). A guide to global health diplomacy: better health – improved global solidarity – more equity (1.ª ed.). Geneva: Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Global Health Centre.
Kobierecka, A. (2022). Post‑covid China: ‘vaccine diplomacy’ and the new developments of Chinese foreign policy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 18(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-022-00266-2.
Lancaster, K. and Rubin, M. (2020). Mapping China’s Health Silk Road. Council on Foreign Affairs.
Lee, K. & Smith, R. (2011). What is ‘Global Health Diplomacy'? A Conceptual Review. Global Health Governance, 5(1), 1-12.
Lee, S. T. (2023). Vaccine diplomacy: nation branding and China’s COVID‑19 soft power play. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. 19(1), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-021- 00224-4.
Liu, K. (2022). COVID-19 and the Chinese economy: impacts, policy responses and implications. In J. Michie, & M. Sheehan, (Eds.), The Political Economy of COVID-19. London: Routledge.
Mardell, J. (2020). China’s “Health Silk Road”: Adapting the BRI to a pandemic-era world. MERICS.
Morrison, J., Kennedy, S. & Huang, Y. (2022). China’s Zero-Covid: What Should the West Do?. Center For Strategic & International Studies (CSIS).
OMS (2017). Towards a Health Silk Road. Retirado de https://www.who.int/directorgeneral/speeches/detail/towards-a-health-silk-road. Em 22 de junho de 2023.
Rajah, R., Leng, A. & Lemahieu, H. (2022). Towards a Better Vaccine Diplomacy. Lowi Institute.
Rifawan, A., Wibawa, S., Habibullah, A. Z. (2022). Vaccine Diplomacy: Between Aid and Power in Southeast Asia. In Klemensits, P. (Ed.), From Business Digitalization to COVID-19 Management: Eurasian Responses (pp. 85-106). Budapeste: Eurasia Center. John Von Neumann University.
Rudolf, M. (2021). China’s Health Diplomacy during Covid‑19 - The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Action. Berlin: German Institute for International and Security Affairs.
Santiago, A. (2021). A Rota da Seda da Saúde e o seu papel no âmbito da governança global em saúde. Rotas a Oriente, 1, 107-118. https://doi.org/10.34624/RO.V0I1.26229 .
Vadlamannati, K., Jung, Y. & Cooray, A. (2022). The Political Economy of Vaccine Distribution and China's Belt and Road Initiative: A Research Note. 1-38. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4099061 .
Watanabe, S. & Takeda, K. (2022). China's vaccine diplomacy spoiled by ómicron variant. Nikkei Asia. Retirado de https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Coronavirus/COVID-vaccines/China-s vaccinediplomacy-spoiled-by-omicron-variant em 23 de junho de 2023.
Wong, B. (2020). China’s Mask Diplomacy. The Diplomat. Retirado de https://thediplomat.com/2020/03/chinas-mask-diplomacy/ em 20 de junho de 2023.
Worldometer. (2022). COVID Live Update. Retirado de https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ em: 25 de junho de 2023.
Zitong, Y. & Zhiya, R. (2022). Practices and Challenges When Building the “Health Silk Road” Between China and Eurasian Countries During the COVID-19 Pandemic. In Klemensits, P. (Ed.), From Business Digitalization to COVID-19 Management: Eurasian Responses (pp. 107-129). Budapeste: Eurasia Center. John Von Neumann University.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright.
Creative Commons License: Attribution 4.0 International.
