Governance Models with Chinese Characteristics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34624/ro.v0i4.40064Keywords:
Governance, Politics, China, Global OrderAbstract
The aim of this study is to carry out a literature review of the concept of governance in the context of the People's Republic of China. While existing studies on Chinese governance often focus on governance from a business perspective, this analysis excludes that realm. Instead, it delves into the field of governance in the sphere of contemporary politics in China, both at the level of foreign and domestic policy, covering the period from 1978 to 2023. The lack of academic consensus on this issue of Chinese positioning in political governance is evident in both China studies and political science, with two predominant perspectives: one that defends China's peaceful rise as a statu quo power and another that presents the 'Chinese threat' as a tangible reality. This article analyses the factors that underpin both trends, highlighting the inherent and strategic ambiguity that characterizes China's positioning in this and other matters, and the role of its governance model in the new global order.
References
Alden, C. and Vieira, M.A. (2005). The new diplomacy of the South: South Africa, Brazil, India and trilateralism. Third World Quarterly. 26(7), 1077-1095.
Athar, K. (2021). Multilateralismo e Futuro Global Compartilhado: Visões da China. CEBRI – Centro Brasileiro de Relações Internacionais.
Bardhan P. (2020). The Chinese governance system: Its strengths and weaknesses in a comparative development perspective. China Economic Review. 61:101430. https:// doi: 10.1016/j.chieco.2020.101430.
Bray, D. (2006). Building “community”: New strategies of governance in urban China. Economy and Society, 35(4), 530–549. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140600960799
Buzan, B. (2010). China in international society: Is “peaceful rise” possible? Chinese Journal of International Politics, 3(1), 5–36. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjip/pop014
Chen, S. (2021). Community of Common Destiny for Mankind, 人类命运共同体, 25 August. China Media Project. https://chinamediaproject.org/the_ccp_dictionary/community-of-common-destiny-for-mankind/
Callahan, W. (2008). Chinese visions of world order: Post-hegemonic or a new hegemony? International Studies Review, 10, 749–761.
Callahan, W. A. (2005). How to understand China: The dangers and opportunities of being a rising power. Review of International Studies, 31(4), 701–714. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210505006716
Council on Foreign Relations. (2023). China’s Approach to Global Governance. CFR: Council on Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/china-global-governance/ accessed on July 2023.
Ding, S. (2010) Analyzing Rising Power from the Perspective of Soft Power: a new look at China's rise to the status quo power. Journal of Contemporary China, 19(64), 255-272, DOI: 10.1080/10670560903444207
Ding, J. & Cheng, H. (2017). China’s Proposition to Build a Community of Shared Future for Mankind and the Middle East Governance. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 11:4, 1-14. DOI: 10.1080/25765949.2017.12023314
Drysdale, P. et al. (2017). China’s New Role in the International Financial Architecture. Asian Economic Policy Review, 12, 258–277. doi: 10.1111/aepr.12182
Erbach, G. & Jochheim, U. (2022). China's climate change policies: State of play ahead of COP27. EPRS: European Parliamentary Research Service. Belgium. Retrieved from https://policycommons.net/artifacts/3131200/chinas-climate-change-policies/3924433/ on 27 Feb 2024. CID: 20.500.12592/556wfz.
Friedberg, A. (2005). The Future of U.S.-China Relations: Is Conflict Inevitable? International Security. 30 (2), 7-45. DOI: 10.1162/016228805775124589
Gonzalez-Vicente, R. (2015). The limits to China’s non-interference foreign policy: pro-state interventionism and the rescaling of economic governance. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 69(2), 205-223. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2014.978740
Gray, K. and Gills, B. (2016). South–South cooperation and the rise of the Global South. Third World Quarterly, 37(4), 557-574. DOI: 10.1080/01436597.2015.1128817
Gregor, E. & Ulrich, J. (2022). China's climate change policies: State of play ahead of COP27. Belgium: EPRS: European Parliamentary Research Service.
Hu, L. (2020). The integration between and common prosperity of government and market: China's experience of economic development. China Political Economy, 3(2), 289-302. https://doi.org/10.1108/CPE-10-2020-0019
Jain, S. and Sukalpa C. (2023). The Yin and Yang of China’s Power: How the Force of Chinese Hard Power Limits the Quest and Effect of Its Soft Power. Asian Perspective, vol. 47 no. 1, pp. 145-166. Project MUSE, https://doi.org/10.1353/apr.2023.0006.
Jabbour, E., and L. Belluzzo (2019). Quando o socialismo fabrica o mercado [When Socialism Built the Market]. Carta Capital, 23 (1324), 40–43.
Jabbour, E., A. Dantas, and C. J. Espíndola. (2021). China and Market Socialism: A New Socioeconomic Formation. International Critical Thought, 11(1), 20–36.
Javed, S.A., Bo, Y., Tao, L. and Dong, W. (2023). The ‘Dual Circulation’ development model of China: Background and insights. Rajagiri Management Journal, 17(1), 2-20. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-03-2021-0016
Johnston, A. I., & Johnston, A. I. (2013). Is China a Status Quo Power? Is China a Status Quo Power? International Security, 27(4), 5–56.
Kagan, R. (2005). The Illusion of 'Managing' China. The Washington Post Company.
Kring, W.N. and Gallagher, K.P. (2019), Strengthening the Foundations? Alternative Institutions for Finance and Development. Development and Change, 50, 3-23. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12464
Lahtinen, A. (2010). Governance Matters- China´s Developing Western Region with a Focus on Qinghai Province. In Publications of the Institute for Asian and African Studies 11. Helsinki: University of Helsinki.
Levi-Faur, D. (2012). From “Big Government” to “Big Governance”? The Oxford Handbook of Governance, 1–17 (Jan.). https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199560530.013.0001
Liu, W. (2018). Combining Marxism and China’s practices for the development of a socialist political economy with Chinese characteristics. China Political Economy. Vol. 1 No. 1, 30-44. https://doi.org/10.1108/CPE-09-2018-001
Liu, N., Yasin, M. A. I., Alsagoff, S. A., Ng, C. F., & Li, M. (2023). A Community of Shared Future for Mankind: A study on the news discourse of environmental cooperation in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. PloS one, 18(10), e0293296. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293296
Lu, J. (2015). Evolution of China’s Rural Governance and Rural–Urban Migration, in Varieties of Governance in China: Migration and Institutional Change in Chinese Villages. Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199378746.003.0003
Mearsheimer J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. New York: W.W. Norton
Mendes, P. E. (2012). A (re) invenção das Relações Internacionais na viragem do século: o desafio do construtivismo. Relações Internacionais, 36, 105-118. http://www.scielo.mec.pt/pdf/ri/n36/n36a08.pdf
Noesselt, N. (2022). Debates on Multilateralism in the Shadow of World Order Controversies – Visions of Global Multilateralism Could Overwrite the Concept of Multipolarity. Frankfurt: Goethe Universitat.
Nye, J. S. (2008). Public Diplomacy and Soft Power. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 616(1), 94-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716207311699
Palmer, D. and Winiger, F. (2019). Neo-socialist governmentality: managing freedom in the People’s Republic of China. Economy and Society, 48(4), 554-578, DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2019.1672424
Rodrigues, C. (2023). EU-China relations: Exploring the possibility of cognitive dissonance. Janus.net, e-journal of international relations. VOL14 N1, TD1 – Thematic dossier “European Union-China relations”. https://doi.org/10.26619/1647-7251.DT0123.2
Rošker, J. S. (2020). Modern New Confucianism and the Challenges of Chinese Modernity: Intercultural Dialogues in Chinese Philosophy. Culture and Dialogue, 8(2), 196-219. https://doi.org/10.1163/24683949-12340084
Saich, T. (2004). Governance and politics of China. London: Palgrave. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-0099-9
Sigley, G. (2006). Chinese governmentalities: Government, governance and the socialist market economy. Economy and Society. 35(4), 487–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/03085140600960773
Smith, S. N. (2018). Community of common destiny: China’s “new assertiveness” and the changing Asian order. International Journal, 73(3), 449–463.
Sørensen, C. T. (2015). The Significance of Xi Jinping's “Chinese Dream” for Chinese Foreign Policy: From “Tao Guang Yang Hui” to “Fen Fa You Wei”. Journal of China and International Relations, 3(1), 53–73.
Song, H. (2003). China and WTO: A process of mutual learning, adapting and developing. Beijing: China Development Publishing House.
Sousa, C. (2021). The Chinese Dream: challenges and impacts for China’s Foreign Policy. ISCTE- IUL.
Stevens, F. M. S. (2023). Chinese assertiveness and the rise of Xi Jinping: ideational mobilization, elite contestation, and the struggle over regional order.Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3589571
Stuenkel, O. (2020). The BRICS and the Future of Global Order. United Kingdom: Lexington Books.
United Nations. (2012). Governance and Development. UNDESA, UNDP, UNESCO.
Wang, Y. (2016). Conflict Management and Game Theory in Chinese Company. Lisboa: Instituto Universitário de Lisboa.
Wendt, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511612183
Xiaochun, Z. (2018). In Pursuit of a Community of Shared Future: China’s Global Activism in Perspective. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 04:01, 23-37.
Xin, X. (2020). Prominent Features of the System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and China's Governance System. International Critical Thought, 10:2, 161-181, DOI: 10.1080/21598282.2020.1778258
Xinhua (2017). Xieshou tuijin yidai yilu jianshe [Work Together to Build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road].
Xu, C. (2011). The Fundamental Institutions of China's Reforms and Development. Journal of Economic Literature, 49(4): 1076-1151. DOI: 10.1257/jel.49.4.1076
Zhao, X. (2018). In Pursuit of a Community of Shared Future. China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 4(1), 23–37.DOI: 10.1142/S2377740018500082
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors retain copyright.
Creative Commons License: Attribution 4.0 International.


