A POLUIÇÃO DO SOLO: CAUSAS, FONTES E PRINCIPAIS POLUENTES
Palavras-chave:
solo saudável, contaminação, tóxicos, fauna edáfica, alimentação saudável, bioacumulação
Resumo
O solo é um recurso importante para os ecossistemas, a vida selvagem e para a agricultura. Desde a revolução industrial, milhares de compostos têm sido utilizados, produzidos e libertados involuntariamente ou até de forma voluntária (caso dos pesticidas e bombas) para o ambiente afetando os solos. Diversas fontes e vários tipos de poluentes vão afetar a fauna do solo, os ecossistemas aquáticos e as cadeias alimentares. Estes compostos podem ser bioacumulados e bioamplificados o que os torna ainda mais problemáticos, nomeadamente: metais pesados/metaloides, fertilizantes orgânicos e minerais, plásticos, pesticidas, hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos, poluentes orgânicos persistentes, fármacos e produtos de higiene pessoal, dioxinas e explosivos. Estes tóxicos acabam por estar presentes sob a forma de misturas que contribuem para a perturbação da fauna edáfica, poluição das culturas, contaminação das linhas de água e lençóis freáticos, e para uma perda progressiva da biodiversidade. O conhecimento das fontes, dos efeitos e mecanismos associados a esses contaminantes no funcionamento do ecossistema terrestre é fundamental para se poder evitar/prevenir os impactos irreversíveis e assim preservar a saúde do solo, a produção de alimentos saudáveis e a continuidade dos serviços de ecossistema, vitais para a sobrevivência e bem-estar do ser humano.
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Fijalkowski, K., Rorat, A., Grobelak, A., & Kacprzak, M. J. (2017). The presence of contaminations in sewage sludge–The current situation. Journal of Environmental Management, 203, 1126-1136.
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Publicado
2024-02-29
Edição
Secção
Artigos
Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Ondina Ribeiro, Maria J.L. Briones, Cláudia Ribeiro, Tiago Natal-da-Luz, João Ricardo Sousa, João Soares Carrola
Este trabalho está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
