Revisão sobre a avaliação da toxicidade de contaminantes ambientais em linhas celulares de anfíbios
Palavras-chave:
Xenobióticos, Ecotoxicologia, Anfíbios, Linhas celulares
Resumo
Os anfíbios estão a ser severamente afetados pela poluição ambiental. Sendo espécies sensíveis às alterações no ecossistema, fornecem informações vitais sobre as condições ambientais em que se encontram. Contudo, o uso de animais em toxicologia e ecotoxicologia é algo controverso, e tem suscitado um maior esforço no sentido de se cumprir o princípio dos 3 Rs (Redução, Refinamento e Substituição), e assim avaliar o uso de várias técnicas alternativas para reduzir a experimentação animal, nomeadamente o uso de linhas celulares. Este trabalho surge com o objetivo de analisar os estudos científicos no que respeita ao uso de linhas celulares de anfíbios na avaliação da toxicidade de contaminantes ambientais, bem como discutir as lacunas que persistem nesta área de investigação. Foram selecionados 38 estudos científicos que analisam a toxicidade de vários compostos químicos, em 12 linhas celulares ou células de diferentes tecidos de 9 espécies de anfíbios. Verificou-se que os metais constituem o grupo de compostos mais estudados no que diz respeito a ensaios in vitro com anfíbios, especialmente o cádmio. São aplicadas diferentes metodologias de acordo com o tipo de linha celular testada, avaliando, assim, diferentes parâmetros toxicológicos. A maioria das linhas celulares mostra um aumento de stress oxidativo, alterações nos processos celulares e no seu desenvolvimento.
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Fernando VAK, Weerasena J, Lakraj GP, Perera IC, Dangalle CD, Handunnetti S, Premawansa S, Wijesinghe, MR (2016). Lethal and sub-lethal effects on the Asian common toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus from exposure to hexavalent chromium. Aquatic Toxicology 177, 98–105.
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Freed JJ, Mezger-Freed L (1970). Stable Haploid Cultured Cell Lines from frog Embryos. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 65 (2), 337–344.
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Gorrochategui E, Lacorte S, Tauler R, Martin FL (2016). Perfluoroalkylated Substance Effects in Xenopus laevis A6 Kidney Epithelial Cells Determined by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analysis. Chemical Research in Toxicology 29 (5), 924–932.
Graudejus O, Ponce Wong R, Varghese N, Wagner S, Morrison B (2018). Bridging the gap between in vivo and in vitro research: Reproducing in vitro the mechanical and electrical environment of cells in vivo. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 12
Gurdon JB, Hopwood N (2000). The introduction of Xenopus laevis into developmental biology: of empire, pregnancy testing and ribosomal genes. The International Journal of Developmental Biology 44 (1), 43–50.
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2022-07-12
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Direitos de Autor (c) 2022 Beatriz Martinho, Isabel Lopes, Sónia Dias Coelho
Este trabalho está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons - Atribuição 4.0 Internacional.
