Urban mobility in Smart Tourist Destinations in Spain

An innovative aspect in the perception of tourists

Abstract

This article analyses tourists' perceptions of innovation in Smart Tourist Destinations (STDs) in Spain. The methodological approach used is qualitative and quantitative in nature and involved data collection through 11 interviews, 118 valid questionnaires, and field observations in 8 Spanish STDs, namely: Almería, Benidorm, Cuenca, Gijón, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Palma de Mallorca, San Sebastián, and Santander. Data were processed through triangulation supported by content analysis and implemented in the qualitative analysis software Nvivo 11. Inferences were reached through term frequency analysis; sentiment analysis; and cluster analysis. Regarding the results, the main innovation perceived by visitors refers to urban mobility in STDs. Interviewees highlighted the efficiency and accessibility of public transportation, including integration with air transportation, payment systems facilitated by cards that reduce travel costs, and the availability of Wi-Fi in vehicles. Furthermore, the survey data revealed the importance of sustainable transport, such as cycle paths and bike-sharing systems, and that it is essential to expand these services beyond central and privileged tourist areas so that they can benefit both tourists and local residents. This study advances in theoretical-conceptual terms in the field of tourism by revealing urban mobility as a central dimension of innovation perceived in the investigated DTIs, based on the constituent elements of public and urban hospitality, an articulation that was still embryonic in the scientific production of the area. It is concluded that innovation in the Spanish STDs analysed is mainly associated with efficient and accessible mobility. In this context, tourist information, digitalization and technological tools around public transport play an essential role in facilitating mobility, which makes it possible to increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of the destination.