Building a green HRM framework for sustainable tourism and hospitality industry

Abstract

This study systematically reviews Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) literature in the tourism and hospitality industry to develop an enhanced framework for sustainability. By embedding environmental values into HR practices, such as recruitment, training, performance management, and rewards, Green HRM promotes eco-friendly behaviours, improves operational performance, and supports long-term environmental and financial goals. Special attention is given to the role of managerial leadership, which is integrated into the model as a key organisational driver for adopting sustainable practices. The proposed framework contributes to sustainable tourism research by foregrounding leadership characteristics and styles as critical enablers of green transformation in service-based industries. While earlier models that focused primarily on HR functions or external pressures, this study introduces a leadership-oriented perspective that emphasises the internal dynamics of organisational change. The model’s dual applicability to both small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large corporations further enhances its theoretical relevance and practical utility in diverse tourism contexts. In addition to its academic contributions, the framework supports the development of environmentally responsible workplace cultures, fosters stronger connections between organisations and their communities, and aligns tourism practices with broader societal and sustainability goals.