A Padronização Gestual dos Golpes de Arco na Performance do Violino - O Son Filé

Abstract

There are countless authors who legitimize the relevance of the bow technique in the performance of the violin: Galamian (1962); Auer (1925); Viotti (cit. in Salles 1998); Salles (1998); Gerle (2011); Mozart (1951 cit. in Gerle 2011); Capet (1916 cit. in Gerle 2011); Flesch (1928); Casorti (1880), and Pinto (2016). Thus, the main objective of this study focuses on understanding the somatic movements necessary for the reproduction of different bow strokes. Through an experimental laboratory investigation involving 30 violinists, it was possible to record - in sound, video and Motion Capture format, a total of 1260 interpretations, the result of a careful selection of 42 musical excerpts representative of each bow stroke under study. All sound recordings were subject to the appreciation of a jury, which selected the best interpretation of each excerpt from group 1 (participants with suits), the best interpretation of group 2 (participants without suits), and the worst interpretation of both groups. In the specific case of Son Filé, represented by a musical excerpt from the 2nd movement of the “Kreutzer” Sonata, op. 47 (Salles 1998, 60), the jury selected the interpretation of participants nº 4 and nº 14 as the best interpretations of group 1 and 2, respectively, and interpretation nº 15 as the worst interpretation of both groups. Through the analysis of the videos of the aforementioned interpretations, it was found that interpretation nº4 and nº14 coincide in all the components under analysis (bow inclination, bow velocity, bridge distance, arm movement, wrist movement and bow direction), and that interpretation nº15 differs from the others in the bow inclination, bow velocity, wrist movement and bow direction. All interpretations captured were further analyzed in detail using the data collected in Motion Capture and went through the same analysis process. This research is carried out within the scope of the doctoral project: "THE BOW - The Gestural Standardization of Bow Strokes for the Teaching-Learning of Violin", with the ultimate goal of achieving gestural standardization of the different strokes in the mainstream repertoire of violin, assisting violinists and violin teachers.