Percepção da forma em embalagens e a sua influência no ato do despejo: estudo de caso
Palavras-chave:
embalagem, affordance, percepção da forma
Resumo
Para a prática do Design e da Ergonomia, a interação ‘homem-objeto’ é um tema de grande interesse. Além dos aspectos físicos, esta interação também trata de aspectos de percepção, os quais têm sido muito explorados por diversas áreas do conhecimento e sob diferentes pontos de vista. O presente estudo empregou os conceitos de "affordances" para avaliar se diferentes diâmetros de embala- gens influenciam tanto a percepção quanto o ato de despejo do conteúdo líquido para determinados recipientes. Os resultados apontam que os diferentes diâme- tros não influenciam o ato de despejo, porém influenciam diretamente a percep- ção quanto à facilidade de realização da tarefa.
Referências
ABERGO (2003). Norma ERG BR 1002 - Código de Deontologia do Ergonomista Certificado. Associação Brasileira de Ergonomia.
Aldien, Y., Welcome, D., Rakheja, S., Dong, R., & Boileau, P.-E. (2005). Contact pressure distribution at hand-handle interface: role of hand forces and handle size. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 267-286.
Blackwell, J. R., Kornatz, K. W., & Heath, E. M. (1999) Effect of grip span on maximal grip force and fatigue of flexor digitorum superficialis. Applied Ergonomics, 30, 401-405.
Bonfim, G. H. C., Medola, F. O., & Paschoarelli, L. C. (2016) Correlation among cap design, gripping technique and age in the opening of squeeze-and-turn packages: A biomechanical study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, v. 54, p. 178-183,
Crawford, J. O., Wanibe, E., & Laxman, N. (2002). The interaction between lid diameter, height and shape on wrist torque exertion in younger and older adults. Ergonomics, 45 (13), 922-923.
Domalain, M., Vigouroux, L., Danion, F., Sevrez, V., & Berton, E. (2008). Effect of object width on precision grip force and finger posture. Ergonomics, 51 (08), 1441-1453.
Edgren, C. S., Radwin, R. G., & Irwin, C. B. (2004). Grip force vectors for varying handle diameters and hand sizes. Human Factors, 46 (2), 244-251.
Gibson, E. J. (1970). The development of perception as an adaptive process. American Scientist, 58 (01), 98-170.
Gibson, E. J. (2000). Where Is the Information for Affordances? Ecological Psychology, 12 (01), 53-56.
Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67-82). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Gibson, J. J. (2015). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception - Classic Edition. New York: Psychology Press.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005a). Evaluation of handle diameters and orientations in a maximum torque task. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 1073-1084.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005b). Optimal cylindrical handle diameter for grip force tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 495-507.
Lombardo, T. J. (1987). The Reciprocity of Perceiver and Environment: The Evolution of James J. Gibson’s Ecological Psychology. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McGrenere, J., & Ho, W. (2000). Affordances: clarifying and evolving a concept. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2000, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (pp. 179-186).
Oliveira, F. I. S. & Rodrigues, S. T. (2006). Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente. Ciências & Cognição, 09, 120-130.
Oliveira, F. I. S. & Rodrigues, S. T. (2014). Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Paschoarelli, L. C., & Dahrouj, L. S. (2013). Evaluation of grip strenght in children: the ergonomic design used on the development of secure lids for packaging. In M. M. Soares & F. Rebelo. (Org), Advances in Usability Evaluation - Part I (pp. 389-398). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Turvey, M. T. (1992). Affordances and Prospective Control: An Outline of the Ontology. Ecological Psychology, 4, 173-87.
Warren Jr., W. H. (1984). Perceiving affordances: visual guidance of stair climbing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10 (05), 683-703.
Welcome, D., Rakheja, S., Dong, R., Wu, J. Z., & Shopper, A. W. (2004). An investigation on the relationship between grip, push and contact forces applied to a tool handle. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 34, 507-518.
Aldien, Y., Welcome, D., Rakheja, S., Dong, R., & Boileau, P.-E. (2005). Contact pressure distribution at hand-handle interface: role of hand forces and handle size. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 267-286.
Blackwell, J. R., Kornatz, K. W., & Heath, E. M. (1999) Effect of grip span on maximal grip force and fatigue of flexor digitorum superficialis. Applied Ergonomics, 30, 401-405.
Bonfim, G. H. C., Medola, F. O., & Paschoarelli, L. C. (2016) Correlation among cap design, gripping technique and age in the opening of squeeze-and-turn packages: A biomechanical study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, v. 54, p. 178-183,
Crawford, J. O., Wanibe, E., & Laxman, N. (2002). The interaction between lid diameter, height and shape on wrist torque exertion in younger and older adults. Ergonomics, 45 (13), 922-923.
Domalain, M., Vigouroux, L., Danion, F., Sevrez, V., & Berton, E. (2008). Effect of object width on precision grip force and finger posture. Ergonomics, 51 (08), 1441-1453.
Edgren, C. S., Radwin, R. G., & Irwin, C. B. (2004). Grip force vectors for varying handle diameters and hand sizes. Human Factors, 46 (2), 244-251.
Gibson, E. J. (1970). The development of perception as an adaptive process. American Scientist, 58 (01), 98-170.
Gibson, E. J. (2000). Where Is the Information for Affordances? Ecological Psychology, 12 (01), 53-56.
Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67-82). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Gibson, J. J. (2015). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception - Classic Edition. New York: Psychology Press.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005a). Evaluation of handle diameters and orientations in a maximum torque task. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 1073-1084.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005b). Optimal cylindrical handle diameter for grip force tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 495-507.
Lombardo, T. J. (1987). The Reciprocity of Perceiver and Environment: The Evolution of James J. Gibson’s Ecological Psychology. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McGrenere, J., & Ho, W. (2000). Affordances: clarifying and evolving a concept. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2000, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (pp. 179-186).
Oliveira, F. I. S. & Rodrigues, S. T. (2006). Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente. Ciências & Cognição, 09, 120-130.
Oliveira, F. I. S. & Rodrigues, S. T. (2014). Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Paschoarelli, L. C., & Dahrouj, L. S. (2013). Evaluation of grip strenght in children: the ergonomic design used on the development of secure lids for packaging. In M. M. Soares & F. Rebelo. (Org), Advances in Usability Evaluation - Part I (pp. 389-398). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Turvey, M. T. (1992). Affordances and Prospective Control: An Outline of the Ontology. Ecological Psychology, 4, 173-87.
Warren Jr., W. H. (1984). Perceiving affordances: visual guidance of stair climbing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10 (05), 683-703.
Welcome, D., Rakheja, S., Dong, R., Wu, J. Z., & Shopper, A. W. (2004). An investigation on the relationship between grip, push and contact forces applied to a tool handle. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 34, 507-518.
