Perception of shape in packages and its influence in the act of pouring: case study
Keywords:
packaging, affordance, perception of shape
Abstract
For the practice of Design and Ergonomics, 'man-object' interaction is a topic of great interest. In addition to the physical aspects, this interaction also deals with aspects of perception, which have been extensively explored by several areas of knowledge and from different points of view. The present study used the concepts of “affordances” to evaluate if different diameters of packages influence both the perception and the act of pouring the liquid into certain containers. The results indicate that the differ- ent diameters do not influence the pouring act, but directly influence the perception regarding the ease of accomplishment of the task.
References
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Blackwell, J. R., Kornatz, K. W., & Heath, E. M. (1999) Effect of grip span on maximal grip force and fatigue of flexor digitorum superficialis. Applied Ergonomics, 30, 401-405.
Bonfim, G. H. C., Medola, F. O., & Paschoarelli, L. C. (2016) Correlation among cap design, gripping technique and age in the opening of squeeze-and-turn packages: A biomechanical study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, v. 54, p. 178-183,
Crawford, J. O., Wanibe, E., & Laxman, N. (2002). The interaction between lid diameter, height and shape on wrist torque exertion in younger and older adults. Ergonomics, 45 (13), 922-923.
Domalain, M., Vigouroux, L., Danion, F., Sevrez, V., & Berton, E. (2008). Effect of object width on precision grip force and finger posture. Ergonomics, 51 (08), 1441-1453.
Edgren, C. S., Radwin, R. G., & Irwin, C. B. (2004). Grip force vectors for varying handle diameters and hand sizes. Human Factors, 46 (2), 244-251.
Gibson, E. J. (1970). The development of perception as an adaptive process. American Scientist, 58 (01), 98-170.
Gibson, E. J. (2000). Where Is the Information for Affordances? Ecological Psychology, 12 (01), 53-56.
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Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67-82). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Gibson, J. J. (2015). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception - Classic Edition. New York: Psychology Press.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005a). Evaluation of handle diameters and orientations in a maximum torque task. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 1073-1084.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005b). Optimal cylindrical handle diameter for grip force tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 495-507.
Lombardo, T. J. (1987). The Reciprocity of Perceiver and Environment: The Evolution of James J. Gibson’s Ecological Psychology. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McGrenere, J., & Ho, W. (2000). Affordances: clarifying and evolving a concept. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2000, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (pp. 179-186).
Oliveira, F. I. S. & Rodrigues, S. T. (2006). Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente. Ciências & Cognição, 09, 120-130.
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Turvey, M. T. (1992). Affordances and Prospective Control: An Outline of the Ontology. Ecological Psychology, 4, 173-87.
Warren Jr., W. H. (1984). Perceiving affordances: visual guidance of stair climbing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10 (05), 683-703.
Welcome, D., Rakheja, S., Dong, R., Wu, J. Z., & Shopper, A. W. (2004). An investigation on the relationship between grip, push and contact forces applied to a tool handle. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 34, 507-518.
Aldien, Y., Welcome, D., Rakheja, S., Dong, R., & Boileau, P.-E. (2005). Contact pressure distribution at hand-handle interface: role of hand forces and handle size. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 267-286.
Blackwell, J. R., Kornatz, K. W., & Heath, E. M. (1999) Effect of grip span on maximal grip force and fatigue of flexor digitorum superficialis. Applied Ergonomics, 30, 401-405.
Bonfim, G. H. C., Medola, F. O., & Paschoarelli, L. C. (2016) Correlation among cap design, gripping technique and age in the opening of squeeze-and-turn packages: A biomechanical study. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, v. 54, p. 178-183,
Crawford, J. O., Wanibe, E., & Laxman, N. (2002). The interaction between lid diameter, height and shape on wrist torque exertion in younger and older adults. Ergonomics, 45 (13), 922-923.
Domalain, M., Vigouroux, L., Danion, F., Sevrez, V., & Berton, E. (2008). Effect of object width on precision grip force and finger posture. Ergonomics, 51 (08), 1441-1453.
Edgren, C. S., Radwin, R. G., & Irwin, C. B. (2004). Grip force vectors for varying handle diameters and hand sizes. Human Factors, 46 (2), 244-251.
Gibson, E. J. (1970). The development of perception as an adaptive process. American Scientist, 58 (01), 98-170.
Gibson, E. J. (2000). Where Is the Information for Affordances? Ecological Psychology, 12 (01), 53-56.
Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gibson, J. J. (1977). The theory of affordances. In R. Shaw & J. Bransford (Eds), Perceiving, acting, and knowing: Toward an ecological psychology (pp. 67-82). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.
Gibson, J. J. (2015). The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception - Classic Edition. New York: Psychology Press.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005a). Evaluation of handle diameters and orientations in a maximum torque task. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 1073-1084.
Kong, Y. K., & Lowe, B. D. (2005b). Optimal cylindrical handle diameter for grip force tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 35, 495-507.
Lombardo, T. J. (1987). The Reciprocity of Perceiver and Environment: The Evolution of James J. Gibson’s Ecological Psychology. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
McGrenere, J., & Ho, W. (2000). Affordances: clarifying and evolving a concept. In Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2000, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (pp. 179-186).
Oliveira, F. I. S. & Rodrigues, S. T. (2006). Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente. Ciências & Cognição, 09, 120-130.
Oliveira, F. I. S. & Rodrigues, S. T. (2014). Affordances: a relação entre agente e ambiente. São Paulo: Editora Unesp.
Paschoarelli, L. C., & Dahrouj, L. S. (2013). Evaluation of grip strenght in children: the ergonomic design used on the development of secure lids for packaging. In M. M. Soares & F. Rebelo. (Org), Advances in Usability Evaluation - Part I (pp. 389-398). Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Turvey, M. T. (1992). Affordances and Prospective Control: An Outline of the Ontology. Ecological Psychology, 4, 173-87.
Warren Jr., W. H. (1984). Perceiving affordances: visual guidance of stair climbing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 10 (05), 683-703.
Welcome, D., Rakheja, S., Dong, R., Wu, J. Z., & Shopper, A. W. (2004). An investigation on the relationship between grip, push and contact forces applied to a tool handle. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 34, 507-518.
